Answer 2 Polycystic kidney disease. Given the patient’s family history of renal failure and a history of prior renal stones, polycystic kidney disease is the most likely diagnosis. A family history of deafness, not present in this case, would suggest Alport’s syndrome. Renal cell carcinoma is unlikely in a 20-year-old patient. Thin basement membrane disease would present with persistent hematuria and does not progress to renal failure. Click here to return to the questions

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