Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head Andrew B. Old, AB, Brian J. McGrory, MD Mr. Old is a medical student, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT. Dr. McGrory is co-director, Maine Joint Replacement Institute, Portland, ME, and a clinical associate professor, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT The questions below are based on the article “Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head in Adults”. Choose the single best answer for each question.
	1. Which of the following is a common presentation of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH)? A man in his mid 40s who presents with throbbing groin pain 2 years after a femoral neck fracture A postmenopausal woman with acute leg and hip pain after a fall on her icy driveway A 65-year-old nonsmoker with no history of prednisone or alcohol use who reports mild hip and shoulder pain at his annual physical exam A 13-year-old female soccer player who has recently started menarche and complains of diffuse pain in her groin Click here to compare your answer. 2. Osteonecrosis is believed to occur as a result of which of the following? Autoimmune antibodies that attack the articular cartilage Damage to the vascular supply of the femoral head Epstein-Barr virus that causes chondrocyte death Genetic damage to the chondrocytes Hyperactive synovial enzyme production Click here to compare your answer. 3. Which of the following is regarded as a risk factor for ONFH? Anorexia Chronic kidney disease High-altitude climbing Osgood-Schlatter disease Warfarin usage Click here to compare your answer. 4. Which imaging modality is most likely to detect the earliest signs of ONFH in a 39-year-old woman with atraumatic groin pain? Computerized tomography (CT) with contrast CT without contrast Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Plain radiograph (anteroposterior and lateral views) Positron emission tomography Click here to compare your answer .		5. ONFH can be confused with which of the following conditions? Osteogenesis imperfecta Osteomalacia Osteosarcoma Paget’s disease Transient osteoporosis Click here to compare your answer. 6. Which of the following is seen with Steinberg stage VI ONFH in adults? The "crescent" sign Findings on MRI only Flattening of the femoral head on radiograph that involves more than 30% of the femoral head Marked arthritis of the hip joint Sclerosis of the femoral head with normal head sphericity and normal joint space Click here to compare your answer. 7. Current treatment of moderate-volume ONFH in adults should mainly be determined by which of the following? Etiology Physical examination Stage of the lesion Symptoms Click here to compare your answer. 8. Late-stage ONFH is most often managed with which of the following? Core decompression of the femoral head Hemiarthroplasty Nonvascularized bone graft Total hip arthroplasty Click here to compare your answer. 9. Early-stage ONFH is most often managed with which of the following? Core decompression of the femoral head Hemiarthroplasty Nonvascularized bone graft Total hip arthroplasty Click here to compare your answer.
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